The instructions consisted of three equations, the first indicating the basal area at which the stand should be thinned, the second showing the optimal thinning intensity, and the third model indicating the mean diameter of trees at the moment of clear-felling. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was employed to simultaneously optimize the coefficients of these three equation models. PSO maximized the average net present value of the management schedules of 29 larch sample plots.
Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 92, Issue 2, April 2019, Pages 196–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy048
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